Analisa yang paling sering dilakukan pada suatu algoritma adalah waktu proses. Menentukan waktu proses secara tepat merupakan pekerjaan yang sangat sulit karena waktu proses secata eksak sangat terhgantung pada implementasi algoritma dan perangkat keras yang dipakai. Analisa yang di inginkan untuk menyatakan efisiensi algoritma haruslah dibuat se umum mungkin sehingga bias dipakai pada semua algoritma, terlepas dari implementasi dan juga compiler yang di pakai maupun perangkat keras yang digunakan. Akbiatnya analisa tidak dipakai pada waktu proses secata eksak. Kompleksitas algoritma cukup di nyatakan dalam order waktu proses (Big-Oh) secara fungsi jumlah data masukan yang diberikan. Dalam analisa tersebut kita menfokuskan diri pada operasi aktif yang merupakan pusat algoritma, yaitu bagian algoritma yang paling sering di eksekusi. Bagian-bagian lain seperti pemasukan data,penugasan (asigment), dan lain-lain dapat diabaikan karena bagian-bagian tersebut tidak sesering operasi aktif. Jumlah eksekusi operasi aktif itulah yang selanjutnya dihitung
Contoh
Perhatikan potongan program beikut ini yang menghitung jumlah n buah suatu bilangan ril
Carilah operasi aktif program tersebut dan nyatakan order waktu dalam proses sebagai fungsi jumlah masukan (n)
Penyelesaian
Untuk mencari operasi aktif, haruslah di tentukan beberapa kali program eksekusi pada tiap-tiap bagian.
• Bagian a, eksukusi satu kali
• Bagian b, merupakan bagian loop, kalang itu akan dip roses berdasarkan kenaikan harga I dari i=1 hingga i=n.jadi statement sum=sum+v[i] akan dip roses sebanyak n kali sesuai dengan kenaikan harga i
• Bagian c, akan di proses sekali
Oleh karena bagian b merupakan bagian yang paling sering dip roses, maka bagian b merupakan operasi aktif. Bagian a dan c dapat diabaikan karena bagian-bagian tersebut tidak dip roses sesering bagian b
Banyak kali bagian b diproses sama dengan banyak data yang dimasukan (=n). dengan demikian, program penjumlahan n buah bilangan rill memiliki order sebanding dengan n. dengan kata lain program memiliki O(n).
Contoh 12.7
Carilah order waktu proses bagian-bagian program berikut ini
a. for i=2 to n
A=2*n +i*n
End for
b. for i=1 to n
for j=1 to i
A=n+i*j
End for
End for i
c. for i=[n/2] to n
A=n-1
End for i
Penyelesaian
Jumlah penyelesaian statement A=a*n+1*n mengikuti iterasi dalam I, yaitu dari i=2 hingga i=n. jadi sebanyak (n-2) + 1=(n-1) kali. Perhatikan bahwa yang dipentingkan disini bukanlah berapa banyak nilai variable A tetapi frekuensi pemrosesan A, jadi Algoritma memiliki order O(n)
Pada
I=1, j berjalan 1 hingga 1 sehingga A dip roses 1 kali
I=2, j berjalan 1 hingga 2 sehingga A dip roses 2 kali
I=3, j berjalan 1 hingga 3 sehingga A dip roses 3 kali
Dan seterusnya
I=n, j berjalan 1 hingga n sehingga A di proses sebanyak n kali
zhengjx20160326
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